LAMP muodostuu osista Linux, Apache, MySQL ja PHP. Tässä artikkelissa käymme läpi asennuksen Debian 8.0 (Jessie)-Linux-jakelulle. Asennusprosessi ei ole sama eri jakeluille ja/tai versioille, mutta tätä ohjetta voi kätevästi soveltaa myös asennuksiin muille jakeluille. Lähtökohtaisesti olet kirjautuneena sisään palvelimen pääkäyttäjänä (root) ja käytössä käyttöjärjestelmän puhdas asennus, jossa toimii verkkoyhteydet.
Päivitetään nykyiset paketit ja tarkastetaan, että palvelimen aika on määritetty oikein.
apt-get update apt-get upgrade dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Tämän jälkeen asennetaan oheiset paketit APT-paketinhallinnasta. Lisätietoa asennettavista paketeista löydät täältä.
apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5-gd php5-mcrypt php5-mysql php-apc php5-imagick php5-memcache libapache2-mod-php5 php-pear ntp
MySQL pyytää asentuessaan MySQL:n pääkäyttäjän (root) salasanaa, joten keksi sille hyvä ja turvallinen salasana.
Optimoidaan MySQL-tietokannan määrityksiä käyttäen nano-tekstieditoria.
nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
Muuta seuraavien muuttujien arvot:
key_buffer_size = 128M
table_cache = 1024
max_connections = 300
Tässä vaiheessa voidaan jo luoda tietokanta ja -käyttäjä, mahdollista verkkosivua tai palvelua varten. Siirrytään MySQL-tulkkiin, josta tehdää luontilauseet ja annetaan oikeudet. Tämä onnistuu seuraavasti.
mysql -u root -p CREATE USER 'kayttajatunnus'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'salasana'; CREATE DATABASE tietokannan_nimi; GRANT ALL ON tietokannan_nimi.* to kayttajatunnus@localhost; FLUSH DATABASE PRIVILEGES;
Luodaan sivustolle www-juurihakemisto, muutetaan se apachen oletuskäyttäjälle (www-data) ja apacheen virtualhost. Muista korvata www.sivusto.fi omalla sivustollasi.
mdir /var/www/www.sivusto.fi
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/www.sivusto.fi
nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/www.sivusto.fi
ServerName www.sivusto.fi
ServerAlias sivusto.fi
DocumentRoot /var/www/www.sivusto.fi
ServerAdmin webmaster@sivusto.fi
RewriteEngine on
Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
Options -Indexes
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.sivusto.fi_error.log
LogLevel warn
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.sivusto.fi_access.log combined
Otetaan sivusto (virtualhost) ja Apachen rewrite-moduuli käyttöön, jonka jälkeen käynnistetään Apache uudelleen.
a2ensite www.sivusto.fi a2enmod rewrite /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Tarvitseeko palvelimelta lähettää sähköposteja? (esim. julkaisujärjestelmä tmv.) Helpoin tapa saada sähköpostit käyttöön on asentaa exim4
apt-get install exim4 dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config
Tämän jälkeen käynnistyy Eximin asennus-wizard, jossa määrität palvelun asetukset. Exim tulee määrittää lähettämään sähköpostiviestejä Internettiin ilman smarthosteja ja SMTP:tä tulisi kuunnella vain localhostista. Muuten asetukset toimivat oletuksena tai domain-kohtaisesti.
Nyt voit vielä testata asennustasi, esimerkiksi luomalla index.html:n www-juurihakemiston juureen.
nano /var/www/www.sivusto.fi/index.html hello world
Jos verkkotunnuksesi ei vielä tässä vaiheessa osoita palvelimen IP-osoitteeseen, niin voit tarkastaa saatko Apachen oletussivun näkyviin avaamalla palvelimen IP-osoitteen (http://123.123.123.123) selaimessasi. Tämä pitäisi tulostaa sivu ”It works!”
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